Native American Heritage Month

Nate Lillge • November 24, 2021

November is Native American Heritage month and President Biden has proclaimed November 26 as Native American Heritage Day. The Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument region has important prehistoric cultural resources and some of the oldest prehistoric sites in the Americas. Native people in the area have experienced part of the last ice age, the last global warming period and variations of today’s climate. These influences required their growing populations to develop new technologies and new economic, social, and political systems.


The area that now includes Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument has been inhabited by the Yuki, Nomlaki, Patwin, Pomo, Wappo, Lake Miwok, Huchnom, and Wintun tribes. The number of tribes in the area led to the area being one of the most linguistically diverse areas in California. The Wappo, Pomo, and Yuki people in the region spoke languages belonging to two of the oldest language families in the New World – Hokan and Yukian. At the time of European arrival in the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument region, the area was home to five different languages.


This region has been inhabited for at least 20,000 years. The oldest archaeological discovery in the region is a Napa obsidian tool that was manufactured about 21,000 years ago! Because of this long history of habitation, there are many archaeological and spiritual sites in the area. About 8,000 years ago, natives started using passive agriculture and targeted resource use. Around 6,000 years ago, growing populations brought about acorn processing and permanent territorial boundaries. These boundaries in turn required the construction of a political and economic system. A money economy developed with shell beads used as the medium of exchange. Professions, political centers, and trade networks also were established with the creation of permanent boundaries.


The Patwin and Lake Miwok language belong to the Penutian language family which arrived in the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument region approximately 2,000 to 3,000 years ago. Because the people speaking these languages arrived to an area with established territories, they seem to have dispersed or intermarried into the existing populations.


Tuleyome is a Lake Miwok word that means "Deep Home Place" and that is how we – and many people that came before us – view the Northern Inner Coast Range Mountains, our home. Native Americans have been preserving and protecting our Deep Home Place for millennia and we are happy to work with, learn from, and support them.


Nate Lillge; nlillge@tuleyome.org


Adventures and Engagement Director

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